This increased capacity to utilize energy from fat conserves crucial muscle and liver glycogen stores and can contribute to increased endurance. Trained individuals oxidize more fat and less carbohydrate than untrained subjects when performing submaximal work of the same absolute intensity.
#Endurance advantage preferred free#
Peak blood concentrations of free fatty acids and ketone bodies are lower during and following exercise in trained individuals, probably due to increased capacity of the skeletal musculature to oxidize these energy sources. This is reflected by smaller, more metabolically active adipose cells in smaller adipose tissue depots. The trained state is characterized by an increased flux of fatty acids through smaller pools of adipose tissue energy. Exercise training is accompanied by metabolic adaptations that occur in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and that facilitate a greater delivery and oxidation of fatty acids during exercise. Strenuous submaximal exercise requiring 65 to 80 per cent of VO2 max will utilize less fat (10 to 45 per cent of the energy expended). Fatty acid oxidation can contribute 50 to 60 per cent of the energy expenditure during a bout of low intensity exercise of long duration. Either source can predominate, depending upon the duration and intensity of exercise, degree of prior physical conditioning, and the composition of the diet consumed in the days prior to a bout of exercise. Fat and carbohydrate are the two major energy sources used during exercise.
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